What are checks and balances?

Checks and balances refer to the system integrated into the structure of the government that ensures that no single branch—executive, legislative, or judicial—gains overwhelming power. This framework is a fundamental aspect of the United States Constitution, designed to maintain a balance of power among the branches. Each branch has specific controls over the others, allowing them to monitor and limit each other's powers. For example, while the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch has the ability to veto those laws, and the judicial branch can interpret them. This interdependence promotes accountability and prevents any one branch from becoming too dominant, thereby safeguarding democratic principles and protecting citizens' rights.

The other options do not accurately define checks and balances. The first option about balancing the budget pertains to fiscal policy rather than the governmental structure. The option regarding rules for changing amendments refers to the amendment process itself, which is separate from the checks and balances concept. Similarly, the mention of provisions for state government powers pertains more to federalism and the division of powers between federal and state governments rather than the checks and balances system among the branches of the federal government.