What are the two houses of Congress?

The correct answer identifies the two houses of the United States Congress, which are the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure was established in Article I of the U.S. Constitution and serves to balance representation in the legislative process.

The Senate consists of 100 members, with each state represented by two senators, regardless of population. This ensures that smaller states have an equal voice in the federal government. On the other hand, the House of Representatives is made up of 435 members, with representation based on each state’s population. This arrangement allows for a more populous state to have greater representation.

This dual house system is a key feature of American federalism, reflecting the country's commitment to both equal representation and population-based representation. It also provides a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch, as legislation must be approved by both houses before it can become law.

The other options mention parliamentary structures from other countries, such as the House of Commons and the House of Lords (found in the UK), or the National Assembly (which is used in various parliamentary systems), which do not pertain to the U.S. Congress. This further emphasizes the distinct role played by the Senate and the House of Representatives in American governance.