What is the Electoral College?

The Electoral College is indeed a group that formally elects the President and Vice President of the United States. This unique system is established by the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article II, Section 1, and it involves electors who are appointed by each state. The number of electors for each state is equal to the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress, which reflects the state's population.

When citizens cast their votes for President during an election, they are actually voting for a slate of electors pledged to vote for their chosen candidate. These electors then convene in their respective state capitals and cast their votes for President and Vice President. This process is a foundational aspect of how the U.S. selects its leaders, blending both democratic principles and state representation.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the role or function of the Electoral College. The system for selecting members of Congress would pertain to separate electoral processes, representing legislative branches rather than the executive. An assembly that represents each state in foreign affairs would refer to other diplomatic or legislative bodies, not the Electoral College. Finally, a committee that oversees elections at the state level also relates to different responsibilities and structures that manage the electoral process, but not the formal election