Which amendment protects the right to free speech?

The 1st Amendment is fundamental in protecting the right to free speech, as it explicitly states that "Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech." This provision ensures that individuals can express their thoughts, ideas, and opinions without government interference or censorship. It is a cornerstone of democratic principles, fostering open dialogue and debate, which are essential for a healthy society.

The other amendments listed do not focus on free speech. The 5th Amendment primarily addresses rights related to legal proceedings, including protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy, while the 8th Amendment deals with prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail. The 2nd Amendment pertains to the right to bear arms. Each of these amendments serves a distinct purpose within the Constitution, but none provides the specific safeguard for free speech that the 1st Amendment does.