Which Constitutional Amendment is concerned with how government actions impact individual rights and liberties?

The 14th Amendment is fundamentally concerned with the protection of individual rights and liberties against state actions. It was ratified in 1868 and includes several key provisions, most notably the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause.

The Due Process Clause prohibits states from denying any person life, liberty, or property without due process of law, which directly addresses how governmental actions can affect individual rights. This has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to extend many of the protections found in the Bill of Rights to govern state actions, ensuring that individual freedoms are safeguarded against infringement by state governments.

The Equal Protection Clause requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons, which further underscores the amendment's role in safeguarding individual liberties. This amendment has been pivotal in numerous landmark Supreme Court cases that have expanded civil rights.

In contrast, other amendments, like the 2nd Amendment, focus primarily on specific rights related to firearm possession; the 5th Amendment includes protections related to legal processes and self-incrimination but doesn't address broader state actions as the 14th does; and the 19th Amendment focuses specifically on women's suffrage, which, while significant, does not encompass the broader range of individual rights impacted by government actions like the 14