Which of the following best defines 'checks and balances'?

The concept of 'checks and balances' is a fundamental principle in the structure of the government established by the Constitution. It refers to the system in which the powers of government are divided among different branches—typically the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This division is designed to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power and to ensure that each branch can monitor and limit the actions of the others.

By maintaining a balance of power, this system encourages cooperation and accountability among the branches. For example, while the legislative branch can make laws, the executive branch has the power to veto those laws, and the judicial branch can interpret them and rule on their constitutionality. This interdependence and oversight help protect against tyranny and abuse of power, promoting the rule of law and the rights of individuals.

The other options point to concepts that do not accurately represent the core principle of checks and balances. Limiting the power of interest groups focuses more on political influence rather than governmental function. Ensuring cooperation between states relates to federalism rather than checks and balances. Giving the president unilateral power is contrary to the very purpose of checks and balances, which is to distribute power evenly across branches to prevent unilateral decisions.