Who is considered eligible to vote in federal elections under current law?

Eligibility to vote in federal elections is defined by law, and the primary requirement is that individuals must be U.S. citizens who are at least 18 years old. This standard was established by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1971, which specifically lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. The requirement ensures that all citizens, regardless of socioeconomic status or educational background, have the ability to participate in the democratic process once they reach adulthood.

The other options do not accurately reflect the current legal requirements for voting. Residents over the age of 16, for instance, do not have the legal right to vote in federal elections, despite being able to pre-register in some states. Only registered party members represents a restriction that doesn't apply to general federal elections, as many voters participate as independents or belong to various smaller parties. Lastly, there is no requirement for a high school diploma or higher education to vote; citizenship and age are the key criteria. Thus, being a U.S. citizen at least 18 years old is the core eligibility requirement for voting in federal elections.